全球氣候變化問(wèn)題形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻，盡管全球合作框架已經(jīng)搭建起來(lái)，但具體條款的落實(shí)情況卻不盡如人意，問(wèn)題究竟如何解決？中國(guó)又應(yīng)扮演什么角色？

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編導(dǎo)：范俏佳

主持人：袁小珊

嘉賓：綠色和平全球總干事 詹妮弗·摩根

詹妮弗·摩根，綠色和平全球總干事，達(dá)成《巴黎協(xié)定》的幕后推手。她從2016 年 4 月開(kāi)始擔(dān)任全球性環(huán)保組織綠色和平的全球總干事。在這之前，她曾經(jīng)是世界自然基金會(huì)（WWF）、世界資源研究所（WRI）等機(jī)構(gòu)的全球氣候項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)。

二十多年來(lái)，氣候變化議題一直是她關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，她深入?yún)⑴c到《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》下的全球談判，是現(xiàn)任聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)第五次評(píng)估報(bào)告的評(píng)審專家。就在今年，她被知名的政府間智庫(kù)型網(wǎng)絡(luò)Apolitical 評(píng)選為“全球氣候政策影響力人物 TOP100 人”。

她所在的綠色和平組織，是全球知名的國(guó)際非政府組織。1971年，從加拿大溫哥華開(kāi)出了一艘掛有“綠色和平”條幅的漁船，這艘駛向美國(guó)阿姆奇特卡島的漁船載著12個(gè)人，他們要用行動(dòng)阻止美國(guó)在阿姆奇特卡島的核試驗(yàn)。從一艘漁船出發(fā)，綠色和平逐漸成長(zhǎng)為全球最有影響力的環(huán)保組織之一，它在全球55個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)設(shè)有分部，在全球有超過(guò)300萬(wàn)的支持者。

精彩速遞

袁小珊：

中國(guó)在全球環(huán)境保護(hù)中的角色是什么？有什么特殊性嗎？

So what's the role of china in the global environment protections. What's our specific?

詹妮弗·摩根：

中國(guó)顯然是全球最重要的參與者之一，因?yàn)樗谑澜缥枧_(tái)上如此重要的國(guó)家，同時(shí)它也是溫室氣體的主要排放者。我認(rèn)為，特別是現(xiàn)在在特朗普政府時(shí)期，更多的人希望中國(guó)能夠發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用，真正推動(dòng)減少排放的創(chuàng)新型經(jīng)濟(jì)，以及可再生能源的發(fā)展。特別是對(duì)其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家而言，中國(guó)的行動(dòng)，和中國(guó)與其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家合作的方式比以往任何時(shí)候都更重要。

China is clearly one of the most important players globally, both because it's such an important country on the world stage, and because it is a big contributor to greenhouse gas.So I think that especially now with the trump administration in place,  I think more people are looking to china to play a torch bearing role, to really drive an innovation based economy where emissions are reduced, and where renewable energy grows. And I think particularly for other developing countries, the way that china goes on how china partners with those countries is more important than ever.

當(dāng)然，發(fā)展中國(guó)家會(huì)看到中國(guó)可再生能源的發(fā)展，煤炭使用量的減少，以及中國(guó)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，這對(duì)印度尼西亞或一些非洲國(guó)家等發(fā)展中國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。甚至我會(huì)說(shuō)，中國(guó)也可以為美國(guó)或歐洲的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

I mean I think looking at the growth of renewable energy here in china, looking at the reduction of coal and how china has achieved that is very relevant for places like indonesia or places in africa or you know, all across on the world. And even I would say, you know can provide lessons also for developed countries are back into europe and the united states as well.

袁小珊：

您能否更具體地說(shuō)明發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，應(yīng)根據(jù)自身不同情況，分別做出哪些努力？

Can you be more specific what kind of the efforts developing and developed countries should to make respectively based on their different situations?

詹妮弗·摩根：

當(dāng)然。我認(rèn)為《巴黎協(xié)定》所做的就是，全世界在整體上需要將碳排放量逐步減少到零，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)跉夂蜃兓咸幱谝粋€(gè)緊急狀態(tài)。但很明顯，不同國(guó)家有不同的責(zé)任。每個(gè)國(guó)家都要承擔(dān)責(zé)任，但發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要采取更快的行動(dòng)。

Sure. I think what the paris agreement did was say, you know, basically as a world, we need to phase out emissions to zero, because we're in a climate emergency. but clearly, there are different responsibilities that are there. So every country has had some responsibility, but developed countries need to act more quickly. 

發(fā)展中國(guó)家需要更多的時(shí)間去逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)零排放，歐盟剛剛提出一項(xiàng)建議說(shuō)，歐盟應(yīng)當(dāng)在2050年之前實(shí)現(xiàn)零排放的目標(biāo)。 綠色和平組織提出的倡議是，歐盟在2040年之前達(dá)成目標(biāo)，以便為發(fā)展中國(guó)家留出更多的時(shí)間。但要知道更快的行動(dòng)對(duì)每個(gè)國(guó)家而言，都是有利的。

Developing countries would have a bit more time on that. or when they need to get to phasing out and going to zero emissions.  the european union has just put out a proposal that they get there by twenty fifty. Greenpeace is saying they need to be there earlier by twenty forty in order to allow developing countries a bit more time.  but the thing I think to know is that it's in every country's interest to move faster.

袁小珊：

你多次提到《巴黎協(xié)定》。你如何評(píng)價(jià)它實(shí)施的整體效果？

You mentioned paris agreement for many times. So what's your evaluation of the overall effect after five years?

詹妮弗·摩根：

我認(rèn)為在整體效果上，第一，它是一個(gè)重大的轉(zhuǎn)變，因?yàn)樗砸环N新的方式將各國(guó)凝聚在一起，共同致力于氣候變暖問(wèn)題。我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的關(guān)鍵是落實(shí)。那么各國(guó)的實(shí)施狀況如何呢？好壞參半。我們必須誠(chéng)實(shí)地認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。有些國(guó)家正在向前邁進(jìn)，但還有其他國(guó)家沒(méi)有跟上腳步。我認(rèn)為《巴黎協(xié)定》需要被真正地落實(shí)，因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)的時(shí)候很容易能說(shuō)得很好，但真正去做的時(shí)候情況就會(huì)不同，比如是否真的在逐步淘汰煤炭？在更多地引入可再生能源？在停止砍伐森林？這些都是所有國(guó)家需要警惕的。

Well, I think I think the overall effect is number one. It was a very it was a watershed moment because it brought countries together in a new way to work on climate. I think the key now is on implementation. So how are countries doing on implementation? And I think that's mixed. I think we have to be honest about that. I think some countries are moving forward in our meeting their targets, but I think there's others,that are further behind.  and so I think it really requires a level of diligence on the ground, because it's easy to have kind of a nice statement. But when it gets into, okay, are we facing out cold? Are we bringing in renewable energy? Are we stopping deforestation?  you know, that's where we need all countries to remain vigilant.