我國碳排放強(qiáng)度雖然不斷下降，但市場機(jī)制在這一過程中所起作用較為有限，未來可能不利于我國應(yīng)對碳邊境稅。歐盟碳邊境證價格將由專門的CBAM管理機(jī)構(gòu)決定，這一價格以歐盟碳市場配額拍賣價格為參考，因此將與歐盟碳市場碳價較為接近。2021年8月歐盟碳市場成交均價約57歐元/噸，且隨著歐盟碳市場第四階段更嚴(yán)格的總量控制與配額分配措施落實，很可能將在未來進(jìn)一步增長（數(shù)據(jù)來源：ICE交易所）。2021年8月我國全國碳市場成交均價約47元/噸，遠(yuǎn)低于歐盟碳市場，且僅覆蓋火電行業(yè)，即使歐盟允許以國內(nèi)碳價抵扣碳邊境證價格，也無法有效緩解受影響企業(yè)面臨的壓力（數(shù)據(jù)來源：上海環(huán)境能源交易所）。通過行政管控、新能源補(bǔ)貼和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)置等其他手段即使可以實現(xiàn)與碳定價機(jī)制實際效果類似的減排，由于很難折算至碳價，也可能無法得到歐盟的豁免，將使談判進(jìn)程復(fù)雜化。建議我國穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)全國碳市場建設(shè)，探索納入有償分配與配額總量控制等制度，逐步納入鋼鐵與鋁等更多碳排放較密集的行業(yè)，同時探索以碳稅或類似機(jī)制作為補(bǔ)充，促進(jìn)形成合理碳價，更多依靠市場機(jī)制實現(xiàn)減排，并爭取掌握全球碳定價權(quán)。

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作者：

周杰俁  中央財經(jīng)大學(xué)綠色金融國際研究院研究員

崔   瑩 中央財經(jīng)大學(xué)綠色金融國際研究院助理院長、氣候金融研究中心主任